The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 0
A tropical rainforest is a tower of homes in layers: a few giant emergent trees poke out at the very top, below them the canopy, a thick roof of leaves 30 to 45 metres up, then the dim understorey and the dark forest floor.
Who acts: tropical rainforest, few giant emergent trees · What happens: be, poke out · To what, where: tower, thick roof
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tropical rainforest, few giant emergent trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 rainforest | det |
| 2 | tropical | tropical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 rainforest | amod |
| 3 | rainforest | rainforest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tower | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 tower | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 tower | det |
| 6 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 homes | case |
| 8 | homes | home | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 tower | nmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 layers | case |
| 10 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 homes | nmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 poke | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 trees | det |
| 13 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 trees | amod |
| 14 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 trees | amod |
| 15 | emergent | emergent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 trees | amod |
| 16 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 poke | nsubj |
| 17 | poke | poke | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 tower | parataxis |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 17 poke | compound:prt |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 top | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 top | det |
| 21 | very | very | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 top | amod |
| 22 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 poke | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 them | punct |
| 24 | below | below | ADP | _ | 25 them | case |
| 25 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 canopy | nmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 canopy | det |
| 27 | canopy | canopy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 poke | parataxis |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 roof | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 roof | det |
| 30 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 roof | amod |
| 31 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 poke | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 leaves | case |
| 33 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 roof | nmod |
| 34 | 30 | 30 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 metres | nummod |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 45 | case |
| 36 | 45 | 45 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 30 | nmod |
| 37 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 up | obl |
| 38 | up | up | ADV | _ | 31 roof | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 understorey | punct |
| 40 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 43 understorey | advmod |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 understorey | det |
| 42 | dim | dim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 understorey | amod |
| 43 | understorey | understorey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 poke | obl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 floor | cc |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 floor | det |
| 46 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 floor | amod |
| 47 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 floor | compound |
| 48 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 understorey | conj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 tower | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a tropical rainforest | a tower | of homes in layers | tree rules | |||
| 2 | poke out | present | a few giant emergent trees | a thick roof of leaves | at the very top; the dim understorey and the dark forest floor obl | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at top=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/0/