Budgies and canaries, sentence 7

You can usually tell an adult male budgie from a female by the cere, the bare patch above the beak: often blue in males and brown or pale in females; young budgies have stripes on their foreheads that fade as they grow.

Who acts: You, young budgies, stripes, Budgies · What happens: tell, have, fade, grow · To what, where: adult male budgie, female, stripes, foreheads · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, young budgies, stripes, Budgies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 tell	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	usually	usually	ADV	_	4 tell	advmod
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 budgie	det
6	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 budgie	amod
7	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 budgie	compound
8	budgie	budgie	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 female	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 female	det
11	female	female	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 cere	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 cere	det
14	cere	cere	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 patch	punct
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 patch	det
17	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 patch	amod
18	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cere	appos
19	above	above	ADP	_	21 beak	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 beak	det
21	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 patch	nmod
22	:	:	PUNCT	_	24 blue	punct
23	often	often	ADV	_	24 blue	advmod
24	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 patch	conj
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 males	case
26	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 blue	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 brown	cc
28	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 males	conj
29	or	or	CCONJ	_	30 pale	cc
30	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 brown	conj
31	in	in	ADP	_	32 females	case
32	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 brown	nmod
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 have	punct
34	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 budgies	amod
35	budgies	budgie	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 have	nsubj
36	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	parataxis
37	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 have	obj
38	on	on	ADP	_	40 foreheads	case
39	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	40 foreheads	nmod:poss
40	foreheads	forehead	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 stripes	nmod
41	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	42 fade	nsubj
42	fade	fade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 stripes	acl:relcl
43	as	as	SCONJ	_	45 grow	mark
44	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 grow	nsubj
45	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 fade	advcl
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	can	You	a adult male budgie	a female	by the cere; usually property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent budgie=Recipient
2	have	present	young budgies	stripes	Budgies's foreheads		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient
3	fade	present	stripes				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	grow	present	Budgies = budgie				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/7/