Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 13
When a horse curls up its top lip and shows its teeth, it is not laughing: this is called flehmen, and it pushes a smell up to a special sense organ in the roof of the mouth, as cats and goats also do.
Who acts: horse · What happens: curl up, show, not laugh, call, push up · To what, where: top lip, teeth, this, smell, special sense organ · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 curls | mark |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 horse | det |
| 3 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 curls | nsubj |
| 4 | curls | curl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 called | advcl |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 curls | compound:prt |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 lip | nmod:poss |
| 7 | top | top | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 lip | amod |
| 8 | lip | lip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 curls | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 shows | cc |
| 10 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 curls | conj |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 12 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 shows | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 laughing | punct |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 laughing | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 laughing | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 laughing | advmod |
| 17 | laughing | laugh | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 curls | conj |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 called | punct |
| 19 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 called | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 called | aux:pass |
| 21 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 22 | flehmen | flehmen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 called | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 pushes | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 pushes | cc |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 pushes | nsubj |
| 26 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 called | advcl |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 smell | det |
| 28 | smell | smell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 pushes | obj |
| 29 | up | up | ADP | _ | 26 pushes | compound:prt |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 organ | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 organ | det |
| 32 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 organ | amod |
| 33 | sense | sense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 organ | compound |
| 34 | organ | organ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 pushes | obl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 roof | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 roof | det |
| 37 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 organ | nmod |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 mouth | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 mouth | det |
| 40 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 roof | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 do | punct |
| 42 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 47 do | mark |
| 43 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 do | nsubj |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 goats | cc |
| 45 | goats | goat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 cats | conj |
| 46 | also | also | ADV | _ | 47 do | advmod |
| 47 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 pushes | advcl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 called | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | curl up | present | a horse | horse's top lip | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Patient | ||||
| 2 | show | present | a horse not said here | horse's teeth | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | not laugh | present · progressive | horse | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | call | present · passive | this | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 5 | push up | present | horse | a smell | a special sense organ in the roof of the mouth | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent smell=Theme to organ=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/13/