Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 9
Ponies are horses below a certain height, often sturdy, hardy and clever, and Shetland ponies from cold Scottish islands grow thick winter coats.
Who acts: Ponies, Shetland ponies · What happens: be, grow · To what, where: horses, certain height, thick winter coats
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ponies, Shetland ponies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ponies | pony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 horses | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 horses | cop |
| 3 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | below | below | ADP | _ | 7 height | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 height | det |
| 6 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 height | amod |
| 7 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 horses | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 sturdy | punct |
| 9 | often | often | ADV | _ | 10 sturdy | advmod |
| 10 | sturdy | sturdy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 height | amod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 hardy | punct |
| 12 | hardy | hardy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 sturdy | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 clever | cc |
| 14 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 sturdy | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 grow | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 grow | cc |
| 17 | Shetland | shetland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 ponies | compound |
| 18 | ponies | pony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 grow | nsubj |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 islands | case |
| 20 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 islands | amod |
| 21 | Scottish | Scottish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 islands | amod |
| 22 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 ponies | nmod |
| 23 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 horses | conj |
| 24 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 coats | amod |
| 25 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 coats | compound |
| 26 | coats | coat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 grow | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 horses | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Ponies | horses | a certain height | tree rules | |||
| 2 | grow | present | Shetland ponies from cold Scottish islands | thick winter coats | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coat=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/9/