Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 13

An elephant eats around 150 kilograms of plants a day and spends up to 16 to 18 hours a day eating, because plants give little goodness in each mouthful.

Who acts: elephant, plants · What happens: eat, spend, give · To what, where: 150 kilograms, little goodness, mouthful

This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant, plants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 elephant	det
2	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eats	nsubj
3	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	around	around	ADV	_	5 150	advmod
5	150	150	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 kilograms	nummod
6	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eats	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 plants	case
8	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kilograms	nmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 day	det
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eats	obl:unmarked
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 spends	cc
12	spends	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eats	conj
13	up	up	ADP	ExtPos=ADV	15 16	advmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	13 up	fixed
15	16	16	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 hours	nummod
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 18	case
17	18	18	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 16	nmod
18	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 spends	obj
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 day	det
20	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 eating	obl:unmarked
21	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 spends	advcl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 give	punct
23	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 give	mark
24	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 give	nsubj
25	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 spends	advcl
26	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 goodness	amod
27	goodness	goodness	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 give	obj
28	in	in	ADP	_	30 mouthful	case
29	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	30 mouthful	det
30	mouthful	mouthful	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 give	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 eats	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	eat	present	a elephant	150 kilograms of plants		day	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Patient
2	spend	present	a elephant not said here			hour	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	eat	gerund	a elephant not said here			day	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	give	present	plants	little goodness	each mouthful		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goodness=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/13/