Ducks, geese and farm myths, sentence 11

Geese fly in a V because each bird catches rising air from the wingtip of the one in front, which saves energy, and they take turns at the tiring front place.

Who acts: Geese, bird, front · What happens: fly, catch, rise, save, take · To what, where: V, rising air, wingtip, energy, turns, tiring front place

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ducks, geese and farm myths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geese, bird, front), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Geese	geese	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fly	nsubj
2	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 V	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 V	det
5	V	v	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fly	obl
6	because	because	SCONJ	ExtPos=ADP	9 catches	mark
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 bird	det
8	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 catches	nsubj
9	catches	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 fly	advcl
10	rising	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 air	amod
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 catches	obj
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 wingtip	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 wingtip	det
14	wingtip	wingtip	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 catches	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 one	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 one	det
17	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wingtip	nmod
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 front	case
19	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 one	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 saves	punct
21	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 saves	nsubj
22	saves	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 front	acl:relcl
23	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 saves	obj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 take	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 take	cc
26	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 take	nsubj
27	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 catches	conj
28	turns	turn	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 take	obj
29	at	at	ADP	_	33 place	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 place	det
31	tiring	tire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 place	amod
32	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 place	amod
33	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 take	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 fly	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	fly	present	Geese		a V	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in v=Location
2	catch	present	each bird	rising air	the wingtip of the one in front	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent air=Theme from wingtip=Source
3	rise	gerund				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	save	present	front	energy		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
5	take	present	geese	turns	the tiring front place	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent turn=Theme at place=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:213-ducks-geese-and-farm-myths.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/213-ducks-geese-and-farm-myths/11/