Ducks, geese and farm myths, sentence 4
Ducks can swim in icy water because warm and cold blood vessels in their legs swap heat, so their feet stay cold and their body stays warm, and their feet do not stick to ice.
Who acts: Ducks, warm blood vessels, feet, body · What happens: swim, swap, stay, not stick · To what, where: icy water, heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ducks, geese and farm myths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ducks, warm blood vessels, feet, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 swim | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 swim | aux |
| 3 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 water | case |
| 5 | icy | icy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 water | amod |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swim | obl |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 swap | mark |
| 8 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 vessels | amod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 cold | cc |
| 10 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 warm | conj |
| 11 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 vessels | compound |
| 12 | vessels | vessel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 swap | nsubj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 legs | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 legs | nmod:poss |
| 15 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 vessels | nmod |
| 16 | swap | swap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 swim | advcl |
| 17 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 swap | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 stay | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 stay | advmod |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 feet | nmod:poss |
| 21 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 stay | nsubj |
| 22 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 swim | conj |
| 23 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 stay | xcomp |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 stays | cc |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 body | nmod:poss |
| 26 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stays | nsubj |
| 27 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 stay | conj |
| 28 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 stays | xcomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 stick | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 stick | cc |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 feet | nmod:poss |
| 32 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 stick | nsubj |
| 33 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 stick | aux |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 stick | advmod |
| 35 | stick | stick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 swim | conj |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 ice | case |
| 37 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 stick | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swim | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | can | Ducks | icy water | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | swap | present | warm blood vessels in vessels's legs | heat | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stay | present | vessels's feet | cold property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | stay | present | feet's body | warm property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not stick | present · do-support | feet's feet | to ice | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to ice=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:213-ducks-geese-and-farm-myths.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/213-ducks-geese-and-farm-myths/4/