Foxes and squirrels, sentence 5
A fox can hear a small animal under snow, leap high and pounce nose first; some scientists think foxes may use the Earth's magnetic field to aim, but this is not yet proven.
Who acts: fox, scientists, foxes, this · What happens: hear, leap, think, use, aim, not prove · To what, where: small animal, snow, magnetic field · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Foxes and squirrels» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fox, scientists, foxes, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 fox | det |
| 2 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hear | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 hear | aux |
| 4 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 animal | det |
| 6 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 animal | amod |
| 7 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hear | obj |
| 8 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 snow | case |
| 9 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hear | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 leap | punct |
| 11 | leap | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 hear | conj |
| 12 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 leap | xcomp |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 nose | cc |
| 14 | pounce | pounce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 nose | compound |
| 15 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 high | conj |
| 16 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 pounce | advmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 think | punct |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 scientists | det |
| 19 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 think | nsubj |
| 20 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hear | parataxis |
| 21 | foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 use | nsubj |
| 22 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 use | aux |
| 23 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 think | ccomp |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Earth | det |
| 25 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 field | nmod:poss |
| 26 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 25 Earth | case |
| 27 | magnetic | magnetic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 field | amod |
| 28 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 use | obj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 aim | mark |
| 30 | aim | aim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 use | advcl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 proven | punct |
| 32 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 proven | cc |
| 33 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 proven | nsubj |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 proven | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 proven | advmod |
| 36 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 37 proven | advmod |
| 37 | proven | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 use | advcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hear | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- changed act=assert, hedge=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | can | a fox | a small animal | snow | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | leap | infinitive | a fox not said here | high property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | present | some scientists | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | use | may | foxes | the Earth's magnetic field | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Patient | ||||
| 5 | aim | to-infinitive | foxes not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 6 | not prove | present · passive | this | yet | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:215-foxes-and-squirrels.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/215-foxes-and-squirrels/5/