Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders, sentence 10
Winter feeding helps small birds survive, because short days leave little time to find food and on a cold night a small bird can lose a noticeable part of its weight keeping warm.
Who acts: Winter feeding, small birds, short days, small bird · What happens: help, survive, leave, find, lose, keep · To what, where: small birds, food, noticeable part
This is a sentence of the lesson «Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter feeding, small birds, short days, small bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 feeding | compound |
| 2 | feeding | feeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 helps | nsubj |
| 3 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 birds | amod |
| 5 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 helps | obj |
| 6 | survive | survive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 helps | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 leave | punct |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 leave | mark |
| 9 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 days | amod |
| 10 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 leave | nsubj |
| 11 | leave | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 helps | advcl |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 time | amod |
| 13 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 leave | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 find | mark |
| 15 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 time | acl |
| 16 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 find | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 night | cc |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 night | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 night | det |
| 20 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 night | amod |
| 21 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 food | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 bird | det |
| 23 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 bird | amod |
| 24 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 lose | nsubj |
| 25 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 lose | aux |
| 26 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 leave | conj |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 part | det |
| 28 | noticeable | noticeable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 part | amod |
| 29 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 lose | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 weight | case |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 weight | nmod:poss |
| 32 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 part | nmod |
| 33 | keeping | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 lose | advcl |
| 34 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 keeping | xcomp |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 helps | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present | Winter feeding | small birds | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent bird=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | survive | infinitive | small birds not said here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | leave | present | short days | time | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | find | to-infinitive | short days not said here | food and a cold night | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic | ||||
| 5 | lose | can | a small bird | a noticeable part of feeding's weight | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | keep | gerund | a small bird not said here | warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/10/