Bees and wasps in the garden, sentence 7
Bumblebees can fly on cold days because they shiver their flight muscles to warm up, and their furry coats keep the heat in.
Who acts: Bumblebees, furry coats · What happens: fly, shiver, warm up, keep in · To what, where: flight muscles, heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bees and wasps in the garden» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bumblebees, furry coats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bumblebees | bumblebee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fly | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 fly | aux |
| 3 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 days | case |
| 5 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 days | amod |
| 6 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fly | obl |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 shiver | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 shiver | nsubj |
| 9 | shiver | shiver | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fly | advcl |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 muscles | nmod:poss |
| 11 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 muscles | compound |
| 12 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 shiver | obj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 warm | mark |
| 14 | warm | warm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 shiver | advcl |
| 15 | up | up | ADP | _ | 14 warm | compound:prt |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 keep | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 keep | cc |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 coats | nmod:poss |
| 19 | furry | furry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 coats | amod |
| 20 | coats | coat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 keep | nsubj |
| 21 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 shiver | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 heat | det |
| 23 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 keep | obj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 keep | compound:prt |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fly | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | can | Bumblebees | day | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | shiver | present | Bumblebees = bumblebee | Bumblebees's flight muscles | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | warm up | to-infinitive | Bumblebees = bumblebee not said here | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | keep in | present | Bumblebees's furry coats | the heat | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:218-bees-and-wasps-in-the-garden.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/218-bees-and-wasps-in-the-garden/7/