Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 13
Ladybirds hibernate in winter in groups, often in hollow stems, under bark or in window frames, and huddling helps them survive the cold.
Who acts: Ladybirds, huddling, frames · What happens: hibernate, huddle, help, survive · To what, where: groups, frames, cold
This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ladybirds, huddling, frames), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ladybirds | ladybird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hibernate | nsubj |
| 2 | hibernate | hibernate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 winter | case |
| 4 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hibernate | obl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 groups | case |
| 6 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hibernate | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 stems | punct |
| 8 | often | often | ADV | _ | 11 stems | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 stems | case |
| 10 | hollow | hollow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 stems | amod |
| 11 | stems | stem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hibernate | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 bark | punct |
| 13 | under | under | ADP | _ | 14 bark | case |
| 14 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hibernate | obl |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 frames | cc |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 frames | case |
| 17 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 frames | compound |
| 18 | frames | frame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bark | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 helps | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 helps | cc |
| 21 | huddling | huddle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 helps | csubj |
| 22 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 hibernate | conj |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 helps | obj |
| 24 | survive | survive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 helps | xcomp |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 cold | det |
| 26 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 survive | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hibernate | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hibernate | present | Ladybirds | groups | winter | in hollow stems; under bark or window frames | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in group=Location | ||
| 2 | huddle | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | help | present | huddling | frames = frame | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | survive | infinitive | frames = frame not said here | the cold | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cold=Circumstance |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/13/