Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 8

A butterfly's wings are covered in tiny scales; the powder on your fingers is scales, and losing many of them can harm the butterfly.

Who acts: powder, losing · What happens: cover, be, lose, harm · To what, where: wings, scales, many, butterfly

This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (powder, losing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 butterfly	det
2	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wings	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 butterfly	case
4	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 covered	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 covered	aux:pass
6	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 scales	case
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 scales	amod
9	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 covered	obl
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 scales	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 powder	det
12	powder	powder	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 scales	nsubj
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 fingers	case
14	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 fingers	nmod:poss
15	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 powder	nmod
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 scales	cop
17	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 scales	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 harm	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 harm	cc
20	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 harm	csubj
21	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 losing	obj
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 them	case
23	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 many	nmod
24	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 harm	aux
25	harm	harm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 covered	conj
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 butterfly	det
27	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 harm	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 covered	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive		a butterfly's wings	in tiny scales and scales	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme
2	is a	present	the powder on your fingers	scales		tree rules
3	lose	gerund		many of wings		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Eventuality
4	harm	can	losing	the butterfly		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus butterfly=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/8/