Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs, sentence 12
Calling pigeons rats with wings is unfair: they have lived alongside people for thousands of years, and people bred them on purpose.
Who acts: Calling, pigeons, people · What happens: call, be, live, breed · To what, where: pigeons rats, pigeons, purpose · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Calling, pigeons, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 unfair | csubj |
| 2 | pigeons | pigeon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rats | compound |
| 3 | rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Calling | obj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 wings | case |
| 5 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rats | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 unfair | cop |
| 7 | unfair | unfair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 lived | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 lived | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 lived | aux |
| 11 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 unfair | parataxis |
| 12 | alongside | alongside | ADP | _ | 13 people | case |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 lived | obl |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 thousands | case |
| 15 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 lived | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 years | case |
| 17 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 thousands | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 bred | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 bred | cc |
| 20 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 bred | nsubj |
| 21 | bred | breed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 lived | conj |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 bred | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 purpose | case |
| 24 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 bred | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 unfair | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | gerund | pigeons rats | with wings | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rat=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | Calling | unfair property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | live | present · perfect | pigeons = pigeon | alongside people; for thousands of years | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme alongside people=Location | ||||
| 4 | breed | past | people | pigeons = pigeon | purpose | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/12/