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Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth, sentence 9

Fleas carried by rats helped spread the plague called the Black Death, but scientists now think human fleas and lice also spread it from person to person.

Who acts: Fleas, scientists, human fleas · What happens: carry, help, spread, call, think · To what, where: Fleas, plague · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fleas, scientists, human fleas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

nsubjaclcaseoblxcompdetobjacldetamodxcomppunctccnsubjadvmodconjamodnsubjccconjadvmodccompobjcaseoblcasenmodpunctrootFleasNOUNcarriedVERBbyADPratsNOUNhelpedVERBspreadVERBtheDETplagueNOUNcalledVERBtheDETBlackADJDeathPROPN,PUNCTbutCCONJscientistsNOUNnowADVthinkVERBhumanADJfleasNOUNandCCONJliceNOUNalsoADVspreadVERBitPRONfromADPpersonNOUNtoADPpersonNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1FleasfleaNOUNNumber=Plur5 helpednsubj
2carriedcarryVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass1 Fleasacl
3bybyADP_4 ratscase
4ratsratNOUNNumber=Plur2 carriedobl
5helpedhelpVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
6spreadspreadVERBVerbForm=Inf5 helpedxcomp
7thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art8 plaguedet
8plagueplagueNOUNNumber=Sing6 spreadobj
9calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part8 plagueacl
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 Deathdet
11BlackblackADJDegree=Pos12 Deathamod
12DeathdeathPROPNNumber=Sing9 calledxcomp
13,,PUNCT_17 thinkpunct
14butbutCCONJ_17 thinkcc
15scientistsscientistNOUNNumber=Plur17 thinknsubj
16nownowADVPronType=Dem17 thinkadvmod
17thinkthinkVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin5 helpedconj
18humanhumanADJDegree=Pos19 fleasamod
19fleasfleaNOUNNumber=Plur23 spreadnsubj
20andandCCONJ_21 licecc
21licelouseNOUNNumber=Plur19 fleasconj
22alsoalsoADV_23 spreadadvmod
23spreadspreadVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin17 thinkccomp
24ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs23 spreadobj
25fromfromADP_26 personcase
26personpersonNOUNNumber=Sing23 spreadobl
27totoADP_28 personcase
28personpersonNOUNNumber=Sing26 personnmod
29..PUNCT_5 helpedpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1carryparticipleFleas not said hereby ratsvn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2helppastFleasvn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3spreadinfinitiveFleas not said herethe plaguevn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plague=Theme
4callparticiplethe plague not said herevn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5think speech: otherpresentscientistsnowvn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
6spreadpresenthuman fleas and liceplaguefrom person to personvn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/9/