Raccoons, opossums and skunks, sentence 10

When badly frightened, an opossum may play dead: it falls over, stays still and gives off a bad smell; this is called playing possum.

Who acts: opossum · What happens: frighten, play, fall over, stay, give off, call · To what, where: bad smell, this, possum · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Raccoons, opossums and skunks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (opossum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 frightened	advmod
2	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 frightened	advmod
3	frightened	frighten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 play	advcl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 frightened	punct
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 opossum	det
6	opossum	opossum	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 play	nsubj
7	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 play	aux
8	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 play	xcomp
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 falls	punct
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 falls	nsubj
12	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 play	parataxis
13	over	over	ADV	_	12 falls	advmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 stays	punct
15	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 falls	conj
16	still	still	ADV	_	15 stays	advmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 gives	cc
18	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 stays	conj
19	off	off	ADP	_	18 gives	compound:prt
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 smell	det
21	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 smell	amod
22	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 gives	obj
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 called	punct
24	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	26 called	nsubj:pass
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 called	aux:pass
26	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 play	parataxis
27	playing	play	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	26 called	xcomp
28	possum	possum	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 playing	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 play	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	participle	a opossum not said here			badly property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	play	may	a opossum			dead property	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	fall over	present	opossum			over property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	stay	present	opossum not said here		still		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	give off	present	opossum not said here	a bad smell			vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smell=Theme
6	call	present · passive		this			tree rules
7	play	gerund		possum			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent possum=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/10/