Bears, sentence 10
In winter, when food is scarce, many bears sleep in a den for months to save energy, living on stored fat without eating, drinking or going to the toilet, while their heartbeat slows a lot.
Who acts: food, many bears, heartbeat · What happens: be, sleep, save, live, store, eat · To what, where: den, energy, stored fat, toilet, lot
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food, many bears, heartbeat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 winter | case |
| 2 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sleep | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 winter | punct |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 scarce | advmod |
| 5 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 scarce | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 scarce | cop |
| 7 | scarce | scarce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 sleep | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 sleep | punct |
| 9 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 bears | amod |
| 10 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 sleep | nsubj |
| 11 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 den | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 den | det |
| 14 | den | den | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sleep | obl |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 months | case |
| 16 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 sleep | obl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 save | mark |
| 18 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 sleep | advcl |
| 19 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 save | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 living | punct |
| 21 | living | live | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 save | advcl |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 fat | case |
| 23 | stored | store | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 fat | amod |
| 24 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 living | obl |
| 25 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 26 eating | mark |
| 26 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 living | advcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 drinking | punct |
| 28 | drinking | drink | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 eating | conj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 going | cc |
| 30 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 eating | conj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 toilet | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 toilet | det |
| 33 | toilet | toilet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 going | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 slows | punct |
| 35 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 38 slows | mark |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 heartbeat | nmod:poss |
| 37 | heartbeat | heartbeat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 slows | nsubj |
| 38 | slows | slow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 sleep | advcl |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 lot | det |
| 40 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 slows | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 sleep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | food | scarce property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sleep | present | many bears | a den | month; winter | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in den=Location | |||
| 3 | save | to-infinitive | many bears not said here | energy | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | ||||
| 4 | live | gerund | many bears not said here | stored fat | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fat=Location | ||||
| 5 | store | participle | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | eat | gerund | many bears not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | drink | gerund | many bears not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | go | gerund | many bears not said here | the toilet | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to toilet=Initial_Location | ||||
| 9 | slow | present | holes's heartbeat | a lot | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:023-bears.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/10/