Bears, sentence 8
Polar bears wait beside breathing holes in the ice to catch seals, and can smell a seal under snow from about a kilometre away.
Who acts: Polar bears · What happens: wait, breathe, catch, smell · To what, where: breathing holes, seals, seal, snow
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bears | amod |
| 2 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wait | nsubj |
| 3 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 6 holes | case |
| 5 | breathing | breathe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 holes | amod |
| 6 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wait | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 ice | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ice | det |
| 9 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 holes | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 catch | mark |
| 11 | catch | catch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 wait | advcl |
| 12 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 catch | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 smell | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 smell | cc |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 smell | aux |
| 16 | smell | smell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 wait | conj |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 seal | det |
| 18 | seal | seal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 smell | obj |
| 19 | under | under | ADP | _ | 20 snow | case |
| 20 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 seal | nmod |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 kilometre | case |
| 22 | about | about | ADV | _ | 24 kilometre | advmod |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 kilometre | det |
| 24 | kilometre | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 smell | obl |
| 25 | away | away | ADV | _ | 24 kilometre | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wait | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wait | present | Polar bears | breathing holes in the ice | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside hole=Location | ||||
| 2 | breathe | gerund | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | catch | to-infinitive | Polar bears not said here | seals | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme | ||||
| 4 | smell | can | Polar bears not said here | a seal | snow | from a kilometre | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent seal=Theme under snow=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:023-bears.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/8/