Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 2

A dolphin in murky water clicks, the clicks bounce off a fish, and the echoes come back through its lower jaw to its ears.

Who acts: dolphin, echoes · What happens: bounce off, come back · To what, where: fish, lower jaw

This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dolphin, echoes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dolphin	det
2	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bounce	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 clicks	case
4	murky	murky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 clicks	amod
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 clicks	compound
6	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dolphin	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 dolphin	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 clicks	det
9	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bounce	nsubj
10	bounce	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	off	off	ADP	_	13 fish	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 fish	det
13	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bounce	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 come	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 come	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 echoes	det
17	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 come	nsubj
18	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 bounce	conj
19	back	back	ADV	_	18 come	advmod
20	through	through	ADP	_	23 jaw	case
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 jaw	nmod:poss
22	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 jaw	amod
23	jaw	jaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 come	obl
24	to	to	ADP	_	26 ears	case
25	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 ears	nmod:poss
26	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 come	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 bounce	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bounce off	present	a dolphin in murky water clicks	a fish					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Agent
2	come back	present	the echoes			fish's lower jaw		to jaw's ears	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme through jaw=Initial_Location to ear=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/2/