Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees, sentence 13

Electric rays lie flat on the sand and can stun fish with shocks of up to about 200 volts; Roman doctors once used them to numb pain.

Who acts: Electric rays, Roman doctors · What happens: lie, stun, use, numb, shock · To what, where: sand, fish, rays, pain, 200 volts

This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electric rays, Roman doctors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rays	amod
2	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lie	nsubj
3	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	flat	flat	ADV	_	3 lie	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 sand	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sand	det
7	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lie	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 stun	cc
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 stun	aux
10	stun	stun	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 lie	conj
11	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stun	obj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 shocks	case
13	shocks	shock	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 stun	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	19 volts	case
15	up	up	ADP	_	19 volts	case
16	to	to	ADP	_	19 volts	case
17	about	about	ADV	_	18 200	advmod
18	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	19 volts	nummod
19	volts	volt	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 shocks	nmod
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 used	punct
21	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 doctors	amod
22	doctors	doctor	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 used	nsubj
23	once	once	ADV	_	24 used	advmod
24	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 lie	parataxis
25	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 used	obj
26	to	to	PART	_	27 numb	mark
27	numb	numb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 used	advcl
28	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 numb	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lie	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lie	present	Electric rays		the sand	flat property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on sand=Location
2	stun	can	Electric rays not said here	fish		with shocks of 200 volts	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer
3	use	past	Roman doctors	rays = ray		once property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
4	numb	to-infinitive	Roman doctors not said here	pain			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus pain=Experiencer
5	shock			200 volts			nom shock «feeling transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/13/