Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees, sentence 7
Most of an electric eel's long body is made of special cells that work like many small batteries stacked in a row; it is not a true eel but a kind of knifefish, closer to catfish than to true eels.
Who acts: special cells, eel · What happens: make, work, stack, not be · To what, where: Most, many small batteries, row, true eel
This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (special cells, eel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 made | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 body | case |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 eel | det |
| 4 | electric | electric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 eel | amod |
| 5 | eel | eel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 body | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 eel | case |
| 7 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 body | amod |
| 8 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Most | nmod |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 made | aux:pass |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 cells | case |
| 12 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 cells | amod |
| 13 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 made | obl |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 work | nsubj |
| 15 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 cells | acl:relcl |
| 16 | like | like | ADP | _ | 19 batteries | case |
| 17 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 batteries | amod |
| 18 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 batteries | amod |
| 19 | batteries | battery | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 work | obl |
| 20 | stacked | stack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 batteries | acl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 row | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 row | det |
| 23 | row | row | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 stacked | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 eel | punct |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 eel | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 eel | cop |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 eel | advmod |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 eel | det |
| 29 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 eel | amod |
| 30 | eel | eel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | parataxis |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 kind | cc |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 kind | det |
| 33 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 eel | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 knifefish | case |
| 35 | knifefish | knifefish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 kind | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 closer | punct |
| 37 | closer | close | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 33 kind | amod |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 catfish | case |
| 39 | catfish | catfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 closer | obl |
| 40 | than | than | ADP | _ | 43 eels | case |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 eels | case |
| 42 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 eels | amod |
| 43 | eels | eel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 closer | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | Most of a electric eel's long body | of special cells | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | work | present | special cells | like many small batteries | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | stack | participle | many small batteries not said here | a row | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in row=Destination | ||||
| 4 | not is a | present | eel | a true eel but a kind of knifefish | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/7/