Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver, sentence 9
Octopuses change colour in a flash with millions of tiny colour sacs in their skin, to hide, show mood or startle enemies.
Who acts: Octopuses · What happens: change, hide, show, startle · To what, where: colour, flash, mood, enemies
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Octopuses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Octopuses | octopus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 change | nsubj |
| 2 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 change | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 flash | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 flash | det |
| 6 | flash | flash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 change | obl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 millions | case |
| 8 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 flash | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 sacs | case |
| 10 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 sacs | amod |
| 11 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sacs | compound |
| 12 | sacs | sac | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 millions | nmod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 skin | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 skin | nmod:poss |
| 15 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sacs | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 hide | punct |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 hide | mark |
| 18 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 change | advcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 show | punct |
| 20 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 hide | conj |
| 21 | mood | mood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 show | obj |
| 22 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 23 startle | cc |
| 23 | startle | startle | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 show | conj |
| 24 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 startle | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 change | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | Octopuses | colour | a flash with millions of tiny colour sacs in sacs's skin | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient | |||
| 2 | hide | to-infinitive | Octopuses not said here | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | show | infinitive | Octopuses not said here | mood | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mood=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | startle | infinitive | Octopuses not said here | enemies | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus enemy=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/9/