Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 12

Dolphins rest one half of their brain at a time, keeping the other half awake to breathe and watch out, because a dolphin must choose to come up and breathe or it would drown, with the eye on the awake side open.

Who acts: Dolphins, dolphin, half · What happens: rest, keep, breathe, watch out, choose, come up · To what, where: one half, other half, eye, awake side

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dolphins, dolphin, half), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rest	nsubj
2	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 half	nummod
4	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	2 rest	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 brain	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 brain	nmod:poss
7	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 half	nmod
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 time	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 time	det
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rest	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 keeping	punct
12	keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 rest	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 half	det
14	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 half	amod
15	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	12 keeping	obj
16	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 keeping	xcomp
17	to	to	PART	_	18 breathe	mark
18	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 awake	advcl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 watch	cc
20	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 breathe	conj
21	out	out	ADP	_	20 watch	compound:prt
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 choose	punct
23	because	because	SCONJ	_	27 choose	mark
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 dolphin	det
25	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 choose	nsubj
26	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 choose	aux
27	choose	choose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 rest	advcl
28	to	to	PART	_	29 come	mark
29	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 choose	xcomp
30	up	up	ADV	_	29 come	advmod
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 breathe	cc
32	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 come	conj
33	or	or	CCONJ	_	36 drown	cc
34	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 drown	nsubj
35	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 drown	aux
36	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 choose	conj
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 eye	punct
38	with	with	ADP	_	40 eye	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 eye	det
40	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 drown	obj
41	on	on	ADP	_	44 side	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 side	det
43	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 side	amod
44	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 drown	obl
45	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 drown	advcl
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rest	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rest	present	Dolphins	one half of Dolphins's brain		time		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location half=Theme
2	keep	gerund	Dolphins not said here	the other half			awake property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Theme
3	breathe	to-infinitive	Dolphins not said here					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	watch out	infinitive	Dolphins not said here					vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
5	choose	must	a dolphin					tree rules
6	come up	to-infinitive	a dolphin not said here					vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	breathe	infinitive	a dolphin not said here					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	drown	would	half	the eye	the awake side			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/12/