Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 2

Orca families are led by old grandmothers who remember where to find salmon in hard years, and humpback whales share songs that change like pop hits.

Who acts: old grandmothers, humpback whales, songs · What happens: lead, remember, find, share, change · To what, where: Orca families, salmon, songs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old grandmothers, humpback whales, songs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Orca	orca	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 families	compound
2	families	family	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 led	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 led	aux:pass
4	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 grandmothers	case
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 grandmothers	amod
7	grandmothers	grandmother	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 led	obl:agent
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 remember	nsubj
9	remember	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 grandmothers	acl:relcl
10	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	12 find	advmod
11	to	to	PART	_	12 find	mark
12	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 remember	xcomp
13	salmon	salmon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 find	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 years	case
15	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 years	amod
16	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 find	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 share	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 share	cc
19	humpback	humpback	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 whales	compound
20	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 share	nsubj
21	share	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 led	conj
22	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 share	obj
23	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 change	nsubj
24	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 songs	acl:relcl
25	like	like	ADP	_	27 hits	case
26	pop	pop	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 hits	compound
27	hits	hit	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 change	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 led	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	lead	present · passive	old grandmothers	Orca families			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	remember	present	old grandmothers				vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	find	to-infinitive	old grandmothers not said here	salmon	year		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salmon=Topic
4	share	present	humpback whales	songs			tree rules
5	change	present	songs			like pop hits	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/2/