Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth, sentence 10

Elephants use branches to swat flies and scratch, and a zoo elephant pushed a box under a branch and stood on it to reach fruit.

Who acts: Elephants, zoo elephant · What happens: use, swat, scratch, push, stand, reach · To what, where: branches, flies, box, branch, fruit

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephants, zoo elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 swat	mark
5	swat	swat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 use	advcl
6	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 swat	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 scratch	cc
8	scratch	scratch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 swat	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 pushed	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 pushed	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 elephant	det
12	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 elephant	compound
13	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pushed	nsubj
14	pushed	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 use	conj
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 box	det
16	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pushed	obj
17	under	under	ADP	_	19 branch	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 branch	det
19	branch	branch	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pushed	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 stood	cc
21	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 pushed	conj
22	on	on	ADP	_	23 it	case
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 stood	obl
24	to	to	PART	_	25 reach	mark
25	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 stood	advcl
26	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 reach	obj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 use	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	use	present	Elephants	branches		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Patient
2	swat	to-infinitive	Elephants not said here	flies		vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Patient
3	scratch	infinitive	Elephants not said here			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	push	past	a zoo elephant	a box	a branch	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent box=Theme under branch=Trajectory
5	stand	past	a zoo elephant not said here		box	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on it=Location
6	reach	to-infinitive	a zoo elephant not said here	fruit		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/10/