Wolves and dogs, sentence 12

Dogs hardly sweat through their skin, so they cool down by panting: water dries off the tongue and takes heat with it, which is called evaporation, and it works less well on a humid day, when the air is already full of water; their only real sweat glands are in their paw pads.

Who acts: Dogs, nose, water, dog, air, real sweat glands · What happens: sweat, cool down, pant, dry off, take, call · To what, where: skin, tongue, heat, paw pads · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dogs, nose, water, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sweat	nsubj
2	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	3 sweat	advmod
3	sweat	sweat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 skin	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 skin	nmod:poss
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sweat	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 cool	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 cool	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 cool	nsubj
10	cool	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sweat	parataxis
11	down	down	ADP	_	10 cool	compound:prt
12	by	by	SCONJ	_	13 panting	mark
13	panting	pant	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 cool	advcl
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 dries	punct
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 dries	nsubj
16	dries	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 panting	parataxis
17	off	off	ADP	_	19 tongue	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 tongue	det
19	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 dries	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 takes	cc
21	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 dries	conj
22	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 takes	obj
23	with	with	ADP	_	24 it	case
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 takes	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 called	punct
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 called	nsubj:pass
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 called	aux:pass
28	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 heat	acl
29	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 called	xcomp
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 works	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 works	cc
32	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 works	nsubj
33	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sweat	conj
34	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	35 well	advmod
35	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	33 works	advmod
36	on	on	ADP	_	39 day	case
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 day	det
38	humid	humid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 day	amod
39	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 works	obl
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 full	punct
41	when	when	ADV	PronType=Rel	46 full	advmod
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 air	det
43	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 full	nsubj
44	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	46 full	cop
45	already	already	ADV	_	46 full	advmod
46	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 day	advcl:relcl
47	of	of	ADP	_	48 water	case
48	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 full	obl
49	;	;	PUNCT	_	59 pads	punct
50	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	54 glands	nmod:poss
51	only	only	ADV	_	52 real	advmod
52	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 glands	amod
53	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 glands	compound
54	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	59 pads	nsubj
55	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	59 pads	cop
56	in	in	ADP	_	59 pads	case
57	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	59 pads	nmod:poss
58	paw	paw	NOUN	Number=Sing	59 pads	compound
59	pads	pad	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sweat	parataxis
60	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sweat	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sweat	present	Dogs		nose's skin		hardly property	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through skin=Location
2	cool down	present	nose					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	pant	gerund	nose not said here					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	dry off	present	water	the tongue				vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient tongue=Result
5	take	present	water not said here	heat			with dog	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme
6	call	present · passive		heat				vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
7	work	present	dog			day	well property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	is	present	the air				of water; full property	tree rules
9	is	present	nose's real sweat glands		nose's paw pads			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:024-wolves-and-dogs.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/12/