Animal builders: termite mounds, weaver birds and other nest makers, sentence 8
Many termites grow fungus gardens on chewed wood and plants inside the mound, and the fungus helps to break down the wood; a termite queen can be as big as a finger and lay thousands of eggs a day.
Who acts: Many termites, fungus, termite queen · What happens: grow, chew, help, break down, be, lay · To what, where: fungus gardens, chewed wood, wood, thousands
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal builders: termite mounds, weaver birds and other nest makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many termites, fungus, termite queen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 termites | amod |
| 2 | termites | termite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | nsubj |
| 3 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 gardens | compound |
| 5 | gardens | garden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | obj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 wood | case |
| 7 | chewed | chew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 wood | amod |
| 8 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grow | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 plants | cc |
| 10 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 wood | conj |
| 11 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 13 mound | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 mound | det |
| 13 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 plants | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 helps | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 helps | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 fungus | det |
| 17 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 helps | nsubj |
| 18 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grow | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 break | mark |
| 20 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 helps | xcomp |
| 21 | down | down | ADP | _ | 20 break | compound:prt |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 wood | det |
| 23 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 break | obj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 big | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 queen | det |
| 26 | termite | termite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 queen | compound |
| 27 | queen | queen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 big | nsubj |
| 28 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 big | aux |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 big | cop |
| 30 | as | as | ADV | _ | 31 big | advmod |
| 31 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 helps | conj |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 finger | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 finger | det |
| 34 | finger | finger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 big | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 lay | cc |
| 36 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 big | conj |
| 37 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 lay | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 eggs | case |
| 39 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 thousands | nmod |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 day | det |
| 41 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 lay | obl:unmarked |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | Many termites | fungus gardens | chewed wood and plants inside the mound | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location garden=Theme | |||
| 2 | chew | participle | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | help | present | the fungus | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | break down | to-infinitive | the fungus not said here | the wood | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | can | a termite queen | as a finger; big property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lay | infinitive | a termite queen not said here | thousands of eggs | day | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:243-animal-builders-termite-mounds-weaver-birds-and-other-nest-makers.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/243-animal-builders-termite-mounds-weaver-birds-and-other-nest-makers/8/