Animal builders: spiders' webs and silk, sentence 9
Many young spiders let out a thread and float away on the wind, which is called ballooning; experiments suggest the Earth's electric field may help to lift them, and they have landed on ships far out at sea.
Who acts: Many young spiders, experiments, electric field · What happens: let out, float away, call, balloon, suggest, help · To what, where: thread, wind, experiments, ships · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal builders: spiders' webs and silk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many young spiders, experiments, electric field), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 spiders | amod |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 spiders | amod |
| 3 | spiders | spider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 let | nsubj |
| 4 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 let | compound:prt |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 thread | det |
| 7 | thread | thread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 let | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 float | cc |
| 9 | float | float | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 let | conj |
| 10 | away | away | ADV | _ | 9 float | advmod |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 wind | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 wind | det |
| 13 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 float | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 called | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 called | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 called | aux:pass |
| 17 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 wind | acl |
| 18 | ballooning | balloon | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 called | xcomp |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 suggest | punct |
| 20 | experiments | experiment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 suggest | nsubj |
| 21 | suggest | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 let | parataxis |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Earth | det |
| 23 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 field | nmod:poss |
| 24 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 23 Earth | case |
| 25 | electric | electric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 field | amod |
| 26 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 help | nsubj |
| 27 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 help | aux |
| 28 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 suggest | ccomp |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 lift | mark |
| 30 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 help | xcomp |
| 31 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 lift | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 landed | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 landed | cc |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 landed | nsubj |
| 35 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 landed | aux |
| 36 | landed | land | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 let | conj |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 ships | case |
| 38 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 landed | obl |
| 39 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 40 out | advmod |
| 40 | out | out | ADV | _ | 36 landed | advmod |
| 41 | at | at | ADP | _ | 42 sea | case |
| 42 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 out | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 let | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let out | infinitive | Many young spiders | a thread | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thread=Theme | ||||
| 2 | float away | present | Many young spiders not said here | the wind | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on wind=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | call | present · passive | the wind | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | balloon | gerund | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | suggest speech: suggest | present | experiments | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | help | may | the Earth's electric field | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | lift | to-infinitive | the Earth's electric field not said here | experiments = experiment | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 8 | land | present · perfect | experiments = experiment | ships | out property | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on ship=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:244-animal-builders-spiders-webs-and-silk.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/244-animal-builders-spiders-webs-and-silk/9/