More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles, sentence 6

Wasps chew wood fibres with spit into paper and build nests of six-sided cells; the paper layers trap air and keep the nest warm, and wasps have done this for millions of years, while people learned to make paper from wood only in the 1800s.

Who acts: Wasps, paper layers, people · What happens: chew, build, trap, keep, do, learn · To what, where: wood fibres, paper, nests, air, nest, this

This is a sentence of the lesson «More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wasps, paper layers, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chew	nsubj
2	chew	chew	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fibres	compound
4	fibres	fibre	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chew	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 spit	case
6	spit	spit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chew	obl
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 paper	case
8	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chew	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 build	cc
10	build	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 chew	conj
11	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 build	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	16 cells	case
13	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 sided	nummod
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 six	punct
15	sided	sided	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 cells	amod
16	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 nests	nmod
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 trap	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 layers	det
19	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 layers	compound
20	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 trap	nsubj
21	trap	trap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 chew	conj
22	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 trap	obj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 keep	cc
24	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 trap	conj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 nest	det
26	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 keep	obj
27	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 keep	xcomp
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 done	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 done	cc
30	wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 done	nsubj
31	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 done	aux
32	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 chew	conj
33	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	32 done	obj
34	for	for	ADP	_	35 millions	case
35	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 done	obl
36	of	of	ADP	_	37 years	case
37	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 millions	nmod
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 learned	punct
39	while	while	SCONJ	_	41 learned	mark
40	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 learned	nsubj
41	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 done	advcl
42	to	to	PART	_	43 make	mark
43	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	41 learned	xcomp
44	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 make	obj
45	from	from	ADP	_	46 wood	case
46	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 make	obl
47	only	only	ADV	_	50 1800s	advmod
48	in	in	ADP	_	50 1800s	case
49	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	50 1800s	det
50	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	43 make	obl
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 chew	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	chew	present	Wasps	wood fibres	paper	with spit	vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fibre=Patient
2	build	present	Wasps not said here	nests of sided cells			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product
3	trap	present	the paper layers	air			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient
4	keep	present	the paper layers not said here	the nest		warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Theme
5	do	present · perfect	wasps	this		for millions of years	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality
6	learn	past	people				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
7	make	to-infinitive	people not said here	paper	wood	in the 1800s	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset paper=Product from wood=Material

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/6/