Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 5
Venom is injected by a bite, a sting or a spine, while a poison is in the body and harms you if you eat or touch it; a few animals, like the slow loris, are both.
Who acts: bite, poison, you · What happens: inject, be, harm, eat, touch · To what, where: Venom, body, you
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bite, poison, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 injected | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 injected | aux:pass |
| 3 | injected | inject | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 bite | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 bite | det |
| 6 | bite | bite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 injected | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 sting | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 sting | det |
| 9 | sting | sting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bite | conj |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 spine | cc |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 spine | det |
| 12 | spine | spine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bite | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 body | punct |
| 14 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 20 body | mark |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 poison | det |
| 16 | poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 body | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 body | cop |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 body | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 body | det |
| 20 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 injected | advcl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 harms | cc |
| 22 | harms | harm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 body | conj |
| 23 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 harms | obj |
| 24 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 26 eat | mark |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 eat | nsubj |
| 26 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 harms | advcl |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 touch | cc |
| 28 | touch | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 eat | conj |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 touch | obj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 injected | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 animals | det |
| 32 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 animals | amod |
| 33 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 injected | parataxis |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 loris | punct |
| 35 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 loris | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 loris | det |
| 37 | slow | slow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 loris | amod |
| 38 | loris | loris | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 animals | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 animals | punct |
| 40 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 both | cop |
| 41 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 animals | parataxis |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 injected | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inject | present · passive | a bite and a sting or a spine | Venom | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | a poison | the body | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | harm | present | a poison not said here | you | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | eat a condition, not said to happen | present | you | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | touch | present | you not said here | Venom | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/5/