Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 3

Some harmless animals cheat: a hoverfly on your ice cream wears wasp stripes but cannot sting at all; copying a dangerous animal like this is called mimicry.

Who acts: harmless animals, hoverfly, copying · What happens: cheat, wear, not sting, copy, call · To what, where: wasp stripes, dangerous animal, mimicry · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (harmless animals, hoverfly, copying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 animals	det
2	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 animals	amod
3	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cheat	nsubj
4	cheat	cheat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 hoverfly	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 hoverfly	det
7	hoverfly	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cheat	appos
8	on	on	ADP	_	11 cream	case
9	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 cream	nmod:poss
10	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cream	compound
11	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hoverfly	nmod
12	wears	wear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hoverfly	acl:relcl
13	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 stripes	compound
14	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wears	obj
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	18 sting	cc
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 sting	aux
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 sting	advmod
18	sting	sting	VERB	_	12 wears	conj
19	at	at	ADP	_	20 all	case
20	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	18 sting	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 called	punct
22	copying	copy	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	29 called	csubj:pass
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 animal	det
24	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 animal	amod
25	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 copying	obj
26	like	like	ADP	_	27 this	case
27	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 copying	obl
28	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 called	aux:pass
29	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 cheat	conj
30	mimicry	mimicry	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 called	xcomp
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 cheat	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cheat	present	some harmless animals			vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	wear	present	a hoverfly on your ice cream not said here	wasp stripes		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent stripe=Source
3	not sting	can	a hoverfly on your ice cream not said here		at all	vn tingle-40.8.2 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Patient at all=Stimulus
4	copy	gerund		a dangerous animal	like this	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
5	call speech: assert	present · passive	copying	mimicry		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/3/