Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 8
Horse teeth keep growing out and wearing down on tough grass, so a vet can guess a horse's age from its teeth.
Who acts: Horse teeth, vet · What happens: keep, grow out, wear down, guess · To what, where: tough grass, age, teeth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horse teeth, vet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 teeth | compound |
| 2 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 keep | nsubj |
| 3 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 keep | xcomp |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 growing | compound:prt |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 wearing | cc |
| 7 | wearing | wear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 growing | conj |
| 8 | down | down | ADP | _ | 7 wearing | compound:prt |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 grass | case |
| 10 | tough | tough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 grass | amod |
| 11 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wearing | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 guess | punct |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 guess | advmod |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 vet | det |
| 15 | vet | vet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 guess | nsubj |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 guess | aux |
| 17 | guess | guess | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 keep | parataxis |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 horse | det |
| 19 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 age | nmod:poss |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 horse | case |
| 21 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 guess | obj |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 teeth | case |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 24 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 guess | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 keep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | Horse teeth | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | grow out | gerund | Horse teeth not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | wear down | gerund | Horse teeth not said here | tough grass | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | guess | can | a vet | a horse's age | horse's teeth | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/8/