Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push, sentence 8

Growing roots push slowly but very strongly, because water pressure inside many cells pushes like small balloons, and they can crack paving; most tree roots are in the top metre of soil and spread wider than the branches.

Who acts: Growing roots, water pressure, gardeners, most tree roots · What happens: grow, push, crack, be, spread · To what, where: paving, top metre

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Growing roots, water pressure, gardeners, most tree roots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 roots	amod
2	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 push	nsubj
3	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	3 push	advmod
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 strongly	cc
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 strongly	advmod
7	strongly	strongly	ADV	_	4 slowly	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 push	punct
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	15 pushes	mark
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pressure	compound
11	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 pushes	nsubj
12	inside	inside	ADP	_	14 cells	case
13	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 cells	amod
14	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 pressure	nmod
15	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 push	advcl
16	like	like	ADP	_	18 balloons	case
17	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 balloons	amod
18	balloons	balloon	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 pushes	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 crack	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 crack	cc
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 crack	nsubj
22	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 crack	aux
23	crack	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 pushes	conj
24	paving	pave	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 crack	obj
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 metre	punct
26	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	28 roots	amod
27	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 roots	compound
28	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 metre	nsubj
29	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 metre	cop
30	in	in	ADP	_	33 metre	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 metre	det
32	top	top	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 metre	amod
33	metre	metre	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 push	parataxis
34	of	of	ADP	_	35 soil	case
35	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 metre	nmod
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 spread	cc
37	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 metre	conj
38	wider	wide	ADV	Degree=Cmp	37 spread	advmod
39	than	than	ADP	_	41 branches	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 branches	det
41	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 wider	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 push	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	grow	gerund					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	push	present	Growing roots			slowly property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
3	push	present	water pressure inside many cells			like small balloons	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
4	crack	can	gardeners = gardener	paving			vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pave=Theme
5	is	present	most tree roots		the top metre	of soil	tree rules
6	spread	present	most tree roots not said here			wide property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push/8/