Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air, sentence 1

It takes in carbon dioxide gas from the air through little holes, pulls up water from the roots, and uses the energy of sunlight to join them into sugar.

Who acts: It · What happens: take in, pull up, use, join · To what, where: dioxide gas, air, water, roots, energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 takes	nsubj
2	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	2 takes	compound:prt
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dioxide	compound
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gas	compound
6	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 takes	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 air	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 air	det
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 takes	obl
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 holes	case
11	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 holes	amod
12	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 takes	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 pulls	punct
14	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 takes	conj
15	up	up	ADP	_	14 pulls	compound:prt
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pulls	obj
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 roots	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 roots	det
19	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 pulls	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 uses	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 uses	cc
22	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 takes	conj
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 energy	det
24	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 uses	obj
25	of	of	ADP	_	26 sunlight	case
26	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 energy	nmod
27	to	to	PART	_	28 join	mark
28	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 uses	advcl
29	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 join	obj
30	into	into	ADP	_	31 sugar	case
31	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 join	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 takes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	take in	present	It	dioxide gas	the air	through little holes	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent gas=Theme from air=Initial_Location
2	pull up	present		water	the roots		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from root=Initial_Location
3	use	present		the energy of sunlight			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient
4	join	to-infinitive		roots = root		into sugar	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient into sugar=Co-Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/1/