Plants deeper: do trees talk? Fungi, warning smells and giant clones, sentence 12
When acacias are eaten, their leaves become more bitter, and they may give off a gas that makes nearby acacias turn bitter too; giraffes often move on and browse trees upwind.
Who acts: leaves, gas, nearby acacias, giraffes · What happens: eat, become, give off, make, turn, move on · To what, where: acacias, gas, trees
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: do trees talk? Fungi, warning smells and giant clones» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaves, gas, nearby acacias, giraffes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 eaten | mark |
| 2 | acacias | acacia | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 eaten | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 eaten | aux:pass |
| 4 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 become | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 eaten | punct |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 7 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 become | nsubj |
| 8 | become | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 10 bitter | advmod |
| 10 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 become | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 give | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 give | cc |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 give | nsubj |
| 14 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 give | aux |
| 15 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 become | conj |
| 16 | off | off | ADP | _ | 15 give | compound:prt |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 gas | det |
| 18 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 give | obj |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 makes | nsubj |
| 20 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 gas | acl:relcl |
| 21 | nearby | nearby | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 acacias | amod |
| 22 | acacias | acacia | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 turn | nsubj |
| 23 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 makes | ccomp |
| 24 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 turn | xcomp |
| 25 | too | too | ADV | _ | 23 turn | advmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 move | punct |
| 27 | giraffes | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 move | nsubj |
| 28 | often | often | ADV | _ | 29 move | advmod |
| 29 | move | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 makes | parataxis |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 move | compound:prt |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 browse | cc |
| 32 | browse | browse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 move | conj |
| 33 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 browse | obj |
| 34 | upwind | upwind | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 browse | advmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 become | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present · passive | acacias | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | become | present | acacias's leaves | bitter property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | give off | may | leaves = leaf | a gas | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make | present | a gas | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | turn | present | nearby acacias | bitter property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | move on | present | giraffes | often property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | browse | present | giraffes not said here | trees | upwind property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:252-plants-deeper-do-trees-talk-fungi-warning-smells-and-giant-clones.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/252-plants-deeper-do-trees-talk-fungi-warning-smells-and-giant-clones/12/