Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees, sentence 6

Giant sequoias are the biggest trees by volume, General Sherman weighs about as much as ten blue whales or more, and their thick spongy bark resists fire, which helps their cones open.

Who acts: Giant sequoias, General Sherman, thick spongy bark, fire · What happens: be, weigh, resist, help · To what, where: biggest trees, fire, cones

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giant sequoias, General Sherman, thick spongy bark, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sequoias	amod
2	sequoias	sequoia	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 trees	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 trees	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 trees	det
5	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 trees	amod
6	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 volume	case
8	volume	volume	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 trees	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 weighs	punct
10	General	General	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Sherman	compound
11	Sherman	Sherman	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 weighs	nsubj
12	weighs	weigh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 trees	conj
13	about	about	ADV	_	15 much	advmod
14	as	as	ADV	_	15 much	advmod
15	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 weighs	amod
16	as	as	ADP	_	19 whales	case
17	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 whales	nummod
18	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 whales	amod
19	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 much	obl
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	21 more	cc
21	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 whales	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 resists	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 resists	cc
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 bark	nmod:poss
25	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 bark	amod
26	spongy	spongy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 bark	amod
27	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 resists	nsubj
28	resists	resist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 weighs	conj
29	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 resists	obj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 helps	punct
31	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	32 helps	nsubj
32	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 fire	acl:relcl
33	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 cones	nmod:poss
34	cones	cone	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 helps	obj
35	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 helps	xcomp
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 trees	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Giant sequoias	the biggest trees	by volume	tree rules
2	weigh	present	General Sherman			vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
3	resist	present	sequoias's thick spongy bark	fire		tree rules
4	help	present	fire	sequoias's cones	open property	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cone=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees/6/