Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and staying safe, sentence 17
Cactus spines are leaves turned into spikes that guard the water inside and give a little shade.
Who acts: spikes · What happens: turn, guard, give · To what, where: Cactus spines, spikes, water, little shade
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and staying safe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spikes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cactus | cactus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 spines | compound |
| 2 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 turned | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 turned | aux:pass |
| 4 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 turned | nsubj |
| 5 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 spikes | case |
| 7 | spikes | spike | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 turned | obl |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 guard | nsubj |
| 9 | guard | guard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 spikes | acl:relcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 water | det |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 guard | obj |
| 12 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 9 guard | advmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 give | cc |
| 14 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 guard | conj |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 shade | det |
| 16 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 shade | amod |
| 17 | shade | shade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 give | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present · passive | Cactus spines | spikes | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into spike=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | guard | present | spikes | the water | inside property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | give | present | spikes not said here | a little shade | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shade=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe/17/