Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and staying safe, sentence 5
Nettle hairs are tiny glass-like needles that break off and inject an irritating mix into the skin, which protects the leaves from grazing animals; the sting hurts and itches but wears off by itself.
Who acts: Nettle hairs, tiny like needles, irritating mix, sting · What happens: be, break off, inject, protect, graze, hurt · To what, where: tiny like needles, irritating mix, skin, leaves
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: poisonous and stinging plants and staying safe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nettle hairs, tiny like needles, irritating mix, sting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nettle | nettle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hairs | compound |
| 2 | hairs | hair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 needles | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 needles | cop |
| 4 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 needles | amod |
| 5 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 like | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 like | punct |
| 7 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 needles | amod |
| 8 | needles | needle | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 break | nsubj |
| 10 | break | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 needles | acl:relcl |
| 11 | off | off | ADP | _ | 10 break | compound:prt |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 inject | cc |
| 13 | inject | inject | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 break | conj |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 mix | det |
| 15 | irritating | irritating | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 mix | amod |
| 16 | mix | mix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 inject | obj |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 19 skin | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 skin | det |
| 19 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 inject | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 protects | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 protects | nsubj |
| 22 | protects | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 mix | acl:relcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 leaves | det |
| 24 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 protects | obj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 animals | case |
| 26 | grazing | graze | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 animals | amod |
| 27 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 protects | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 hurts | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sting | det |
| 30 | sting | sting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hurts | nsubj |
| 31 | hurts | hurt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 needles | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 itches | cc |
| 33 | itches | itch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 hurts | conj |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 wears | cc |
| 35 | wears | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 hurts | conj |
| 36 | off | off | ADP | _ | 35 wears | compound:prt |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 itself | case |
| 38 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 35 wears | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 needles | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Nettle hairs | tiny like needles | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | break off | present | tiny like needles | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | inject | present | tiny like needles not said here | a irritating mix | the skin | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mix=Patient | |||
| 4 | protect | present | a irritating mix | the leaves | from grazing animals | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Beneficiary from animal=Theme | |||
| 5 | graze | gerund | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | hurt | present | the sting | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | itch | present | the sting not said here | vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 8 | wear off | present | the sting not said here | by mix | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/255-plants-deeper-poisonous-and-stinging-plants-and-staying-safe/5/