The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life, sentence 18

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light and show things thousands of times smaller than a light microscope can, such as the spiky shapes of pollen grains.

Who acts: Electron microscopes · What happens: use, show, beam · To what, where: beams, things, electrons

This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electron microscopes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Electron	electron	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 microscopes	compound
2	microscopes	microscope	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	nsubj
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	beams	beam	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 electrons	case
6	electrons	electron	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 beams	nmod
7	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	9 light	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	7 instead	fixed
9	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 use	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 show	cc
11	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 use	conj
12	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 show	obj
13	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 smaller	nsubj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 times	case
15	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 thousands	nmod
16	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 things	amod
17	than	than	ADP	_	20 microscope	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 microscope	det
19	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 microscope	compound
20	microscope	microscope	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 smaller	obl
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 smaller	advcl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 shapes	punct
23	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	27 shapes	case
24	as	as	ADP	_	23 such	fixed
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 shapes	det
26	spiky	spiky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 shapes	amod
27	shapes	shape	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 things	conj
28	of	of	ADP	_	30 grains	case
29	pollen	pollen	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 grains	compound
30	grains	grain	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 shapes	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 use	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	present	Electron microscopes	beams of electrons	instead light	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beam=Patient
2	show	present	Electron microscopes not said here	things and the spiky shapes of pollen grains		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thing=Recipient
3	beam			electrons		nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life/18/