The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 12
Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria; they look like tiny moon landers, inject their instructions and burst the bacterium, and doctors sometimes use them when antibiotics fail.
Who acts: Bacteriophages, viruses, doctors, antibiotics · What happens: be, attack, look, inject, burst, use · To what, where: viruses, bacteria, instructions, bacterium
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteriophages, viruses, doctors, antibiotics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bacteriophages | bacteriophage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 viruses | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 viruses | cop |
| 3 | viruses | virus | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 attack | nsubj |
| 5 | attack | attack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 viruses | acl:relcl |
| 6 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 attack | obj |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 look | punct |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 look | nsubj |
| 9 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 viruses | parataxis |
| 10 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 landers | case |
| 11 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 landers | amod |
| 12 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 landers | compound |
| 13 | landers | lander | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 look | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 inject | punct |
| 15 | inject | inject | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 look | conj |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 instructions | nmod:poss |
| 17 | instructions | instruction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 inject | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 burst | cc |
| 19 | burst | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 inject | conj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 bacterium | det |
| 21 | bacterium | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 burst | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 use | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 use | cc |
| 24 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 use | nsubj |
| 25 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | _ | 26 use | advmod |
| 26 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 viruses | conj |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 use | obj |
| 28 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 30 fail | mark |
| 29 | antibiotics | antibiotic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 fail | nsubj |
| 30 | fail | fail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 use | advcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 viruses | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Bacteriophages | viruses | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | attack | present | viruses | bacteria | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Patient | ||||
| 3 | look | present | Bacteriophages = bacteriophage | like tiny moon landers | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | inject | present | Bacteriophages = bacteriophage not said here | Bacteriophages's instructions | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Patient | ||||
| 5 | burst | present | Bacteriophages = bacteriophage not said here | the bacterium | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bacterium=Theme | ||||
| 6 | use | present | doctors | instructions = instruction | sometimes property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||
| 7 | fail | present | antibiotics | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | instruct | Bacteriophages = bacteriophage | nom instruction «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/12/