The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 14
Bats live in big crowded colonies and carry many viruses without getting sick, thanks to very strong immune systems; viruses can sometimes jump from animals to people, but bats are very important for pollination and eating insects and should not be harmed.
Who acts: Bats, viruses · What happens: live, carry, get, jump, be, eat · To what, where: big crowded colonies, many viruses, thanks, insects
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 colonies | case |
| 4 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 colonies | amod |
| 5 | crowded | crowded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 colonies | amod |
| 6 | colonies | colony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 carry | cc |
| 8 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 live | conj |
| 9 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 viruses | amod |
| 10 | viruses | virus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 carry | obj |
| 11 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 12 getting | mark |
| 12 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 carry | advcl |
| 13 | sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 getting | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sick | punct |
| 15 | thanks | thanks | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 getting | obl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 systems | case |
| 17 | very | very | ADV | _ | 18 strong | advmod |
| 18 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 systems | amod |
| 19 | immune | immune | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 systems | amod |
| 20 | systems | system | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 thanks | nmod |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 jump | punct |
| 22 | viruses | virus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 jump | nsubj |
| 23 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 jump | aux |
| 24 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 25 jump | advmod |
| 25 | jump | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 live | parataxis |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 animals | case |
| 27 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 jump | obl |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 people | case |
| 29 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 jump | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 important | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 important | cc |
| 32 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 important | nsubj |
| 33 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 important | cop |
| 34 | very | very | ADV | _ | 35 important | advmod |
| 35 | important | important | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 jump | conj |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 pollination | case |
| 37 | pollination | pollination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 important | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 eating | cc |
| 39 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 important | conj |
| 40 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 eating | obj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 harmed | cc |
| 42 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 harmed | aux |
| 43 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 45 harmed | advmod |
| 44 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 45 harmed | aux:pass |
| 45 | harmed | harm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 important | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Bats | big crowded colonies | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in colony=Location | ||||
| 2 | carry | present | Bats not said here | many viruses | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent virus=Theme | ||||
| 3 | get | gerund | Bats not said here | thanks to strong immune systems | sick property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | jump | can | viruses | from animals; to people result; sometimes property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from animal=Initial_State to people=Result | ||||
| 5 | is | present | bats | for pollination; important property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | eat | gerund | bats not said here | insects | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient | ||||
| 7 | not harm | should · passive | bats not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/14/