The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 18

Giant viruses such as the mimivirus, described in 2003, are bigger than some small bacteria, and some are even infected by their own little viruses.

Who acts: Giant viruses, own little viruses · What happens: describe, be, infect · To what, where: mimivirus, 2003, some

This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giant viruses, own little viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 viruses	amod
2	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 bigger	nsubj
3	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	6 mimivirus	case
4	as	as	ADP	_	3 such	fixed
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mimivirus	det
6	mimivirus	mimivirus	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 viruses	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 described	punct
8	described	describe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 mimivirus	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 2003	case
10	2003	2003	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 described	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 viruses	punct
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 bigger	cop
13	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
14	than	than	ADP	_	17 bacteria	case
15	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	17 bacteria	det
16	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 bacteria	amod
17	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bigger	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 infected	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 infected	cc
20	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	23 infected	nsubj:pass
21	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 infected	aux:pass
22	even	even	ADV	_	23 infected	advmod
23	infected	infect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 bigger	conj
24	by	by	ADP	_	28 viruses	case
25	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 viruses	nmod:poss
26	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 viruses	amod
27	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 viruses	amod
28	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 infected	obl:agent
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 bigger	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	describe	participle		the mimivirus not said here	2003		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Giant viruses such the mimivirus			than some small bacteria; big property	tree rules
3	infect	present · passive	ancestors's own little viruses	some			vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/18/