Whales, sentence 14

A whale calf is born tail first under water, so that it does not drown during the birth, and its mother helps it up for its first breath; a newborn blue whale can gain about 90 kilograms a day.

Who acts: calf, mother, newborn blue whale · What happens: bear, not drown, help up, gain · To what, where: whale calf, water, calf, 90 kilograms

This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calf, mother, newborn blue whale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 calf	det
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 calf	compound
3	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 born	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 born	aux:pass
5	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 born	obl:unmarked
7	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 born	advmod
8	under	under	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 born	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 drown	punct
11	so	so	SCONJ	_	16 drown	mark
12	that	that	SCONJ	_	16 drown	mark
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 drown	nsubj
14	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 drown	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 drown	advmod
16	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 born	advcl
17	during	during	ADP	_	19 birth	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 birth	det
19	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 drown	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 helps	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 helps	cc
22	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 mother	nmod:poss
23	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 helps	nsubj
24	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 drown	conj
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 helps	obj
26	up	up	ADP	_	24 helps	compound:prt
27	for	for	ADP	_	30 breath	case
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 breath	nmod:poss
29	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	30 breath	amod
30	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 helps	obl
31	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 gain	punct
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 whale	det
33	newborn	newborn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 whale	amod
34	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 whale	amod
35	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 gain	nsubj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 gain	aux
37	gain	gain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 born	parataxis
38	about	about	ADV	_	39 90	advmod
39	90	90	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	40 kilograms	nummod
40	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 gain	obj
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 day	det
42	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 gain	obl:unmarked
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 born	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		a whale calf	water		tail obl:unmarked; first property	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	not drown	present · do-support	calf			during the birth		vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	help up	present	calf's mother	calf			for calf's first breath	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary
4	gain	can	a newborn blue whale	90 kilograms		day		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:026-whales.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/14/