The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numbers, sentence 15
The stethoscope was invented in 1816 by René Laennec, who first used a rolled-up tube of paper to listen to a heart; before that, doctors put an ear straight onto the patient's chest.
Who acts: René, doctors · What happens: invent, use, roll, listen, put · To what, where: stethoscope, 1816, rolled tube, ear, chest
This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numbers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (René, doctors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stethoscope | det |
| 2 | stethoscope | stethoscope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 invented | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 invented | aux:pass |
| 4 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1816 | case |
| 6 | 1816 | 1816 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 invented | obl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 René | case |
| 8 | René | René | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 invented | obl:agent |
| 9 | Laennec | Laennec | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 René | flat |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 used | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 used | nsubj |
| 12 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 used | advmod |
| 13 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 René | acl:relcl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 tube | det |
| 15 | rolled | roll | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 tube | amod |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 rolled | punct |
| 17 | up | up | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 rolled | compound |
| 18 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 used | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 paper | case |
| 20 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 tube | nmod |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 listen | mark |
| 22 | listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 used | advcl |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 heart | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 heart | det |
| 25 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 listen | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 put | punct |
| 27 | before | before | ADP | _ | 28 that | case |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 put | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 that | punct |
| 30 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 put | nsubj |
| 31 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 used | conj |
| 32 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 ear | det |
| 33 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 put | obj |
| 34 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 39 chest | advmod |
| 35 | onto | onto | ADP | _ | 39 chest | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 patient | det |
| 37 | patient | patient | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 chest | nmod:poss |
| 38 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 37 patient | case |
| 39 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 put | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 invented | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | past · passive | René | the stethoscope | 1816 | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result | |||
| 2 | use | past | René | a rolled tube of paper | first property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tube=Patient | |||
| 3 | roll | participle | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | listen | to-infinitive | René not said here | to a heart | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to heart=Theme | ||||
| 5 | put | past | doctors | a ear | the patient's chest | before that | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ear=Theme before that=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood/15/