How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 8

Darwin's finches have beaks suited to seeds, insects or cactus; over many generations birds whose beaks fitted the food survived better, so beaks changed.

Who acts: finches, beaks, birds · What happens: have, suit, fit, survive, change · To what, where: beaks, food, many generations

This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (finches, beaks, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 finches	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Darwin	case
3	finches	finch	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	nsubj
4	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 have	obj
6	suited	suit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 beaks	acl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 seeds	case
8	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 suited	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 insects	punct
10	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 seeds	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 cactus	cc
12	cactus	cactus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 seeds	conj
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 fitted	punct
14	over	over	ADP	_	16 generations	case
15	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 generations	amod
16	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 survived	obl:unmarked
17	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 survived	nsubj
18	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	19 beaks	nmod:poss
19	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 fitted	nsubj
20	fitted	fit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 birds	acl:relcl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 food	det
22	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 fitted	obj
23	survived	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 have	parataxis
24	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	23 survived	advmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 changed	punct
26	so	so	ADV	_	28 changed	advmod
27	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 changed	nsubj
28	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 have	conj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Darwin's finches	beaks			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient
2	suit	participle		beaks not said here		to seeds and insects or cactus	tree rules
3	fit	past	beaks	the food			vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
4	survive	past	birds		over many generations	well property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over generation=Location
5	change	past	beaks				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/8/