Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms, sentence 14
Skin prints show small scales on parts of T. rex, while some smaller relatives such as Yutyrannus had feathers; babies may have been fluffy, but this is not known for sure.
Who acts: Skin prints, smaller relatives, babies · What happens: show, have, be, not know · To what, where: small scales, parts, feathers, this
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Skin prints, smaller relatives, babies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 prints | compound |
| 2 | prints | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 show | nsubj | |
| 3 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 scales | amod |
| 5 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 show | obj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 parts | case |
| 7 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 show | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 rex | case |
| 9 | T. | t. | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 rex | nmod:poss |
| 10 | rex | rex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 parts | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 relatives | punct |
| 12 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 15 relatives | mark |
| 13 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 relatives | det |
| 14 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 relatives | amod |
| 15 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 had | nsubj |
| 16 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 18 Yutyrannus | case |
| 17 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 such | fixed |
| 18 | Yutyrannus | Yutyrannus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 relatives | nmod |
| 19 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 show | advcl |
| 20 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 had | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 fluffy | punct |
| 22 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 fluffy | nsubj |
| 23 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 fluffy | aux |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 fluffy | aux |
| 25 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 fluffy | cop |
| 26 | fluffy | fluffy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 show | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 known | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 known | cc |
| 29 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 known | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 known | aux:pass |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 known | advmod |
| 32 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 fluffy | conj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 sure | case |
| 34 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 known | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 show | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- changed hedge=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | Skin prints | small scales | parts of T.'s rex | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent scale=Recipient | |||
| 2 | have | past | some smaller relatives such Yutyrannus | feathers | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is | may · perfect | babies | fluffy property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not know | present · passive | this | for sure | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/14/