Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms, sentence 2
Its teeth were as long as a banana and thick like a railway spike, made to crush bone, and its bite was one of the strongest of any land animal that ever lived.
Who acts: teeth, railway spike, bite, land animal, dung · What happens: be, make, crush, live, bite · To what, where: bone, one
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teeth, railway spike, bite, land animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 2 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 long | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 long | cop |
| 4 | as | as | ADV | _ | 5 long | advmod |
| 5 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 banana | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 banana | det |
| 8 | banana | banana | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 long | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 thick | cc |
| 10 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 long | conj |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 spike | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 spike | det |
| 13 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spike | compound |
| 14 | spike | spike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 thick | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 made | punct |
| 16 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 spike | acl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 crush | mark |
| 18 | crush | crush | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 made | xcomp |
| 19 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 crush | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 one | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 one | cc |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 bite | nmod:poss |
| 23 | bite | bite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 one | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 one | cop |
| 25 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 long | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 strongest | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 strongest | det |
| 28 | strongest | strong | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 25 one | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 animal | case |
| 30 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 animal | det |
| 31 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 animal | compound |
| 32 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 strongest | obl |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 lived | nsubj |
| 34 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 35 lived | advmod |
| 35 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 animal | acl:relcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 long | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | dung's teeth | as a banana; long property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | dung's teeth not said here | like a railway spike | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | make | past | a railway spike not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | crush | to-infinitive | a railway spike not said here | bone | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | dung's bite | one | of the strongest | tree rules | |||
| 6 | live | past | any land animal | ever | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | bite | dung | nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/2/