Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms, sentence 4

Bones even have growth lines like the rings in a tree, and they tell us a T. rex grew up fast as a teenager and lived to about 28 to 30 years.

Who acts: Bones, T. rex · What happens: have, tell, grow up, live · To what, where: growth lines, us · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bones, T. rex), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
2	even	even	ADV	_	3 have	advmod
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lines	compound
5	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 rings	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rings	det
8	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lines	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 tree	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tree	det
11	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rings	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 tell	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 tell	cc
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 tell	nsubj
15	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
16	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 tell	iobj
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 rex	det
18	T.	t.	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 rex	compound
19	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 grew	nsubj
20	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 tell	ccomp
21	up	up	ADP	_	20 grew	compound:prt
22	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	20 grew	advmod
23	as	as	ADP	_	25 teenager	case
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 teenager	det
25	teenager	teenager	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 grew	obl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 lived	cc
27	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 grew	conj
28	to	to	ADP	_	33 years	case
29	about	about	ADV	_	30 28	advmod
30	28	28	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	33 years	nummod
31	to	to	ADP	_	32 30	case
32	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	30 28	nmod
33	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 lived	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Bones	growth lines			like the rings in a tree	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient
2	tell speech: assert	present	bones = bone		us			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic
3	grow up	past	a T. rex				as a teenager; fast property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	live	past	a T. rex not said here			year		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/4/