The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus, sentence 14
A sauropod holding its head high needed a big, powerful heart to pump blood all the way up to its head, like a giraffe today; this is one reason some scientists think many held their necks low.
Who acts: sauropod, this, scientists, many · What happens: hold, need, pump, be, think · To what, where: head, big powerful heart, blood, one reason, necks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sauropod, this, scientists, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 sauropod | det |
| 2 | sauropod | sauropod | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 needed | nsubj |
| 3 | holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 sauropod | acl |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 head | nmod:poss |
| 5 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 holding | obj |
| 6 | high | high | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 holding | advmod |
| 7 | needed | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 heart | det |
| 9 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 heart | amod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 big | punct |
| 11 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 heart | amod |
| 12 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 needed | obj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 pump | mark |
| 14 | pump | pump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 needed | advcl |
| 15 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pump | obj |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 way | det:predet |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 way | det |
| 18 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pump | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 way | compound:prt |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 head | case |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 head | nmod:poss |
| 22 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pump | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 giraffe | punct |
| 24 | like | like | ADP | _ | 26 giraffe | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 giraffe | det |
| 26 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pump | obl |
| 27 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 giraffe | nmod:unmarked |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 reason | punct |
| 29 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 reason | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 reason | cop |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 reason | nummod |
| 32 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 needed | parataxis |
| 33 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 scientists | det |
| 34 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 think | nsubj |
| 35 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 reason | acl:relcl |
| 36 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 held | nsubj |
| 37 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 think | ccomp |
| 38 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 necks | nmod:poss |
| 39 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 held | obj |
| 40 | low | low | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 held | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 needed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | gerund | a sauropod not said here | middle's head | high property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | |||
| 2 | need | past | a sauropod | a big powerful heart | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot heart=Theme | ||||
| 3 | pump | to-infinitive | a sauropod not said here | blood | to middle's head; like a giraffe today; all way obl:unmarked | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent blood=Theme | |||
| 4 | is a | present | this | one reason | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | think speech: other | present | some scientists | one reason not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent reason=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 6 | hold | past | many | sauropods's necks | low property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods/14/