Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills, sentence 15

Pachycephalosaurus had a bony dome up to 25 centimetres thick; scientists argue whether it head-butted like goats, and some domes have healed injuries, which supports the head-butting idea.

Who acts: Pachycephalosaurus, scientists, dome, domes, injuries · What happens: have, argue, butt, heal, support · To what, where: bony dome, injuries, butting idea · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pachycephalosaurus, scientists, dome, domes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pachycephalosaurus	Pachycephalosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dome	det
4	bony	bony	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 dome	amod
5	dome	dome	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	up	up	ADV	_	8 25	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 25	case
8	25	25	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 centimetres	nummod
9	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 thick	obl:unmarked
10	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 dome	acl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 argue	punct
12	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 argue	nsubj
13	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 had	parataxis
14	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	18 butted	mark
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 butted	nsubj
16	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 butted	compound
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 butted	punct
18	butted	butt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 argue	ccomp
19	like	like	ADP	_	20 goats	case
20	goats	goat	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 butted	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 healed	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 healed	cc
23	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	24 domes	det
24	domes	dome	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 healed	nsubj
25	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 healed	aux
26	healed	heal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 argue	conj
27	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 healed	obj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 supports	punct
29	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	30 supports	nsubj
30	supports	support	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 injuries	acl:relcl
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 idea	det
32	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 butting	compound
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	34 butting	punct
34	butting	butt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	35 idea	compound
35	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 supports	obj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	past	Pachycephalosaurus	a bony dome		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dome=Patient
2	argue speech: disagree	present	scientists			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	butt	participle	dome		like goats	vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
4	heal	present · perfect	some domes	injuries		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent injury=Patient
5	support	present	injuries	the butting idea		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus
6	butt	gerund				vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/15/