Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills, sentence 4

Others had no armour at all: duck-billed dinosaurs ground plants with hundreds of packed teeth, honked through hollow crests and looked after their babies in busy nesting colonies.

Who acts: Others, billed dinosaurs · What happens: have, bill, grind, honk, look · To what, where: armour, all, plants, hollow crests

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Others, billed dinosaurs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 armour	det
4	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 had	obl
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct
8	duck	duck	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 billed	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 duck	punct
10	billed	bill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 dinosaurs	amod
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ground	nsubj
12	ground	grind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 had	parataxis
13	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ground	obj
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 hundreds	case
15	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ground	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 teeth	case
17	packed	packed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 teeth	amod
18	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 hundreds	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 honked	punct
20	honked	honk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 ground	conj
21	through	through	ADP	_	23 crests	case
22	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 crests	amod
23	crests	crest	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 honked	obl
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 looked	cc
25	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 honked	conj
26	after	after	ADP	_	28 babies	case
27	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 babies	nmod:poss
28	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 looked	obl
29	in	in	ADP	_	32 colonies	case
30	busy	busy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 colonies	amod
31	nesting	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 colonies	compound
32	colonies	colony	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 babies	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Others	no armour	all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent armour=Patient
2	bill	participle						vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent
3	grind	past	billed dinosaurs	plants			with hundreds of packed teeth	vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent plant=Patient with hundred=Instrument
4	honk	past	billed dinosaurs not said here		hollow crests			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through crest=Location
5	look	past	billed dinosaurs not said here			after dinosaurs's babies in busy nesting colonies		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/4/